Climate of J&K
The UT of J&K is situated in sub-tropical latitudes, but it's owing to orographic features and snow-covered peaks, the climate over major parts of the jammu and kashmir resembles that of the mountainous and continental parts of the temperate latitudes.
There are, however, micro-level variations in the general prevailing weather and climatic conditions of the UT.
The general climate of the UT can be understood easily by describing the weather conditions of different seasons of the Jammu Division, Kashmir Division, and Ladakh UT separately.
Climate of J&K (Region-wise)
- Jammu → Sub-tropical
- Kashmir → Temperate
- Ladakh → Arctic cold
Sub-Tropical Region of Jammu
This region comprises of Kathua, Jammu, Samba, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Ramban, Kishtwar, Rajouri and Poonch districts.
This region has varied topography like plains, valleys, hills and mountains of the Pir Panjal and Shivalik ranges.
The southern parts of Jammu, which form part of the Punjab plains, have tropical heat, characterised by monsoon rains and cool winters.
Thus, this region has a tropical monsoon climate.
Seasons in Jammu Region
The Jammu region witnesses three distinct seasons in a year:
Cold winter → (November – February)
Hot summer → (March – June)
Rainy season → (June – October)
Based on the images provided, here is the transcribed text from your notes on the Climate of Jammu.
Climate of Jammu
1. Cold Winter Season (November – February)
- During the month of Nov., a pressure belt extends over the Ganga Sutlej plains.
- Minimum temperature begins to decrease from the month of Nov.
- January is the coldest month.
- 13°C temp. and 80 percent humidity.
- Occurrence of Mist (Dhund) & Fog (Kohra).
- Frost damages Rabi crops.
- During winters Western Disturbances (temperate cyclones) accompanied with rainfall over the Jammu Division.
- This rainfall in winters is highly beneficial to the standing Rabi (winter crops).
- Sometimes hailstorms are seen in winters causing damage.
- Total rainfall in Jammu: 13 cm in winters.
- Monsoon arrives in July/August, causing heavy rainfall.
- July = Highest Rainfall.
2. Hot Summer Season (March – June)
- March - An abrupt rise in temperature with the mean temperature at Jammu being 18°C.
- The increase in temperature continues in April & May.
- The Southern parts \approx 45°C in June.
- During this period, hot dry winds called "Loo" blow, which damage sugarcane and vegetables.
- Cool wind from Shiwaliks is called Dadu.
- Andhi = Dust storm.
3. Rainy Season (July – October)
- Rainy season starts from July and continues up to October.
- Monsoon reaches Jammu in the first week of July.
- Jammu receives rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the Monsoons.
- Maximum rainfall occurs in the months of July and August.
- Average rainfall is about 100 cm to 110 cm.
- Humidity is very high during this season.
- September and October are characterized by a gradual decrease in rainfall and temperature.
- The weather becomes pleasant towards the end of October.
